Lesson 8: Correct Ideas about Atoms
When you have a cup of hot water in a cup, the uppermost part of the liquid cools against the cool air, as it cools, it sinks. Then hot molecules float to the top, the cool, and sink. This leads to the water molecules going in a circular fashion. If you put pepper into a cup of hot water, you will see the pepper moving in a circle up and down as the pepper pushes the water out of the way. Also, molecules in hot water have more energy. There are three ways that a thing can be: solid, liquid, and gas. Gas molecules have the most motion, liquid molecules move around slowly or fast, and solid molecules just wiggle.
Lesson 9:
Three things that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. The neutrons and protons are bunched together in the middle of the atom in a ball called the nucleus. Floating around the outside of the nucleus in a circle, electrons go in a circular motion around and around. Each type of atoms has a different amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons. If you add another proton or electron to an atoms, it becomes something completely different. For example if you have helium (a gas) and add one proton to it, it becomes lithium (a solid). For each type of atom, if you have an unequal amount of protons to electrons, it will have an electrical charge, and when it has an electrical charge, it is called an ion.
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